Siege

Fortifications

Natural Terrain

Fortification

Gates

Trenches and pallisades

Methods

Logistics

City

Besiegers

Blockade (starvation)

Undermine

Ram

Artillery

Tower

Assault

Factors in Successful siege

blockade from communications, supplies, reinforcements

superior numbers

finance

supplies

engineers

siege equipment

artillery

pyrotechnics

security of attackers: trenches; roofs; shields

massive labor

sapping and undermining at base of tower or in underground tunnel

naval power