Alexander in
After victory at Hydaspes
Rest 30 days
Reinstate Porus as king
Increase his domain
Leaves Ambhi and Porus as two rivals
Builds garrisons
Bucephalia
Used for Macedonian garrisons to watch Porus
Submission of Abisares, king of
Raids to surrounding areas to insure submission
Plan to march to “Ocean”
Concept of Ocean = end of the world
Greeks viewed
Alexander gathers information indicating
Does Alexander keep information from his army? (Green 404-5)
March to the
Siege of Sangala
Mutiny of the Army
Eight years of continual war
Marched 17,000 miles
All would have been wounded and ill many times
Many were getting old
Not seen families
Rain, climate, etc.
Terror of elephants and Indian army
Rumors that enemies had 4000 elephants
Betrayal and deception that Ocean was not there
Realization that there was no end in sight
“constantly receding horizon”
Wanted to return home before dying
Attempts to reconcile army {July/August 326}
Free reign to plunder a province that had submitted
Promise of increased pay and free rations to families
Speech to the army
Meeting with the officer corps
Claimed problems were not as serious as they thought
Coenus said the army had reached the end of its endurance
“a wise man knows when to stop”
Alexander sulks in his tent for three days
Emerges and says he’s going on alone
Offers sacrifice which has bad omens
Saves face in turning back
Builds twelve altars
Officers were overjoyed
The final psychological betrayal and rift between Alexander and everyone
Return to Hydaspes {early autumn 326}
Confirms Porus as ruler of all conquered provinces
Porus was now strongest ruler
in
Reinforcements from
30,000 infantry, 6000 cavalry, 25,000 suits of armor
Alexander began feeling financial strain
Had expended most of the treasure he brought with him
Plunder of
No great treasure city
Harpalus’ embezzlement in
Preparation of fleet to sail the
80 triakoners, 200 undecked galleys, 800 other ships
1800 ships total, carrying 8000 men and supplies
Three columns, one on each bank along with the fleet in the river
Glorious flotilla
Rapids at the first confluence
Malli (Malavas) campaign {late autumn 326}
Middle
Warlike and powerful
Agitation by the Brahmins (Hindu priests)
Men threaten to mutiny again
Massive ongoing war
Many massacres
Assault on the citadel [A 6.9-10]
Alexander first up the ladder
Nearly dies from an arrow
Rumors of Alexander’s death
Cause Indians to fight more
Rebellion of Greek garrisons
Morale of the Macedonians collapses
His appearance restores calm
Long march = large army, much guerilla warfare
Minor wars against the Indians
Widespread slaughter and terror against opposition
Brahmin priests hung
Arrival at Pattala {July 325}
Splitting the army
Logistical problems of trip home
Craterus with large portion to return via Carmania
Nearchus, by sea with fleet
through
Alexander to go by Gedrosian desert
Encounters with the Indian wise men
Execution of many Brahmins
Plutarch and Alexander’s questions
The gymnosophists
Ascetic who accompanied Alexander
Alexander at Ocean
Sails down eastern branch of
Sees major tides for the first time
Reaches Ocean and explores a bit
Offers sacrifice to Ocean and Poseidon
Alexander’s Impact on
Rule lasted only while Alexander and main army was there
Collapse of Greek rule in
Wars of the Diodoche after Alexander’s death {323}
Weakens military capacity to intervene in
Many Macedonians defected and deserted
Hatred of Macedonians leads to numerous revolts
Massacre and expulsion of many Greeks
Rise of Chandragupta Maurya {323-297}
Conquered
Conquered
Invasion of Seleucus Nicator {305}
Defeated by Chandragupta
Cedes all
In return for 500 elephants used at Ipsus {301}
Assimilation of surviving Greeks
Some influence of Hellenistic art styles on
Indomania in the Greek world
Ashoka’s diplomatic and missionary relationship with Hellenistic kingdoms
Rise of international luxury trade between